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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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645 lines
38 KiB
HTML
645 lines
38 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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font-size: 0.9em;} #content{display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 auto;}
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.nav-footer{text-align: center; margin-top: auto;}
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|
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</head>
|
||
<body id="pagemap-dump-out" class="article">
|
||
<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect5">
|
||
<h6 id="pagemap-dump-out"><a class="anchor" href="#pagemap-dump-out"></a><a class="link" href="#pagemap-dump-out">17.12.2.1.3. pagemap_dump.out</a></h6>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Dump the physical address of all pages mapped to a given process using <code>/proc/<pid>/maps</code> and <code>/proc/<pid>/pagemap</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>First launch <code>linux/virt_to_phys_user.out</code> as described at <a href="userland-physical-address-experiments.html">Userland physical address experiments</a>. Suppose that the output was:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre># ./posix/virt_to_phys_test.out &
|
||
vaddr 0x601048
|
||
pid 63
|
||
# ./linux/virt_to_phys_user.out 63 0x601048
|
||
0x1a61048</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Now obtain the page map for the process:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./linux/pagemap_dump.out 63</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Sample output excerpt:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>vaddr pfn soft-dirty file/shared swapped present library
|
||
400000 1ede 0 1 0 1 ./posix/virt_to_phys_test.out
|
||
600000 1a6f 0 0 0 1 ./posix/virt_to_phys_test.out
|
||
601000 1a61 0 0 0 1 ./posix/virt_to_phys_test.out
|
||
602000 2208 0 0 0 1 [heap]
|
||
603000 220b 0 0 0 1 [heap]
|
||
7ffff78ec000 1fd4 0 1 0 1 /lib/libuClibc-1.0.30.so</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Source:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/userland/linux/pagemap_dump.c">userland/linux/pagemap_dump.c</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/lkmc/pagemap.h">lkmc/pagemap.h</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Adapted from: <a href="https://github.com/dwks/pagemap/blob/8a25747bc79d6080c8b94eac80807a4dceeda57a/pagemap2.c" class="bare">https://github.com/dwks/pagemap/blob/8a25747bc79d6080c8b94eac80807a4dceeda57a/pagemap2.c</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Meaning of the flags:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>vaddr</code>: first virtual address of a page the belongs to the process. Notably:</p>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run-toolchain readelf -- -l "$(./getvar userland_build_dir)/posix/virt_to_phys_test.out"</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>contains:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre> Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
|
||
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
|
||
...
|
||
LOAD 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000
|
||
0x000000000000075c 0x000000000000075c R E 0x200000
|
||
LOAD 0x0000000000000e98 0x0000000000600e98 0x0000000000600e98
|
||
0x00000000000001b4 0x0000000000000218 RW 0x200000
|
||
|
||
Section to Segment mapping:
|
||
Segment Sections...
|
||
...
|
||
02 .interp .hash .dynsym .dynstr .rela.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame
|
||
03 .ctors .dtors .jcr .dynamic .got.plt .data .bss</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>from which we deduce that:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>400000</code> is the text segment</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>600000</code> is the data segment</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>pfn</code>: add three zeroes to it, and you have the physical address.</p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Three zeroes is 12 bits which is 4kB, which is the size of a page.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>For example, the virtual address <code>0x601000</code> has <code>pfn</code> of <code>0x1a61</code>, which means that its physical address is <code>0x1a61000</code></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This is consistent with what <code>linux/virt_to_phys_user.out</code> told us: the virtual address <code>0x601048</code> has physical address <code>0x1a61048</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p><code>048</code> corresponds to the three last zeroes, and is the offset within the page.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Also, this value falls inside <code>0x601000</code>, which as previously analyzed is the data section, which is the normal location for global variables such as ours.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>soft-dirty</code>: TODO</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>file/shared</code>: TODO. <code>1</code> seems to indicate that the page can be shared across processes, possibly for read-only pages? E.g. the text segment has <code>1</code>, but the data has <code>0</code>.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>swapped</code>: TODO swapped to disk?</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>present</code>: TODO vs swapped?</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>library</code>: which executable owns that page</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This program works in two steps:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>parse the human readable lines lines from <code>/proc/<pid>/maps</code>. This files contains lines of form:</p>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>7ffff7b6d000-7ffff7bdd000 r-xp 00000000 fe:00 658 /lib/libuClibc-1.0.22.so</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>which tells us that:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>7f8af99f8000-7f8af99ff000</code> is a virtual address range that belong to the process, possibly containing multiple pages.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>/lib/libuClibc-1.0.22.so</code> is the name of the library that owns that memory</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>loop over each page of each address range, and ask <code>/proc/<pid>/pagemap</code> for more information about that page, including the physical address</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="dev-mem.html">/dev/mem</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="userland-physical-address-experiments.html">Userland physical address experiments</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="linux-kernel-tracing.html">Linux kernel tracing</a> →</p>
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