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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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596 lines
37 KiB
HTML
596 lines
37 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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</head>
|
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<body id="gem5-restore-checkpoint-with-a-different-cpu" class="article">
|
||
<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect3">
|
||
<h4 id="gem5-restore-checkpoint-with-a-different-cpu"><a class="anchor" href="#gem5-restore-checkpoint-with-a-different-cpu"></a><a class="link" href="#gem5-restore-checkpoint-with-a-different-cpu">24.6.4. gem5 restore checkpoint with a different CPU</a></h4>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>gem5 can switch to a different CPU model when restoring a checkpoint.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>A common combo is to boot Linux with a fast CPU, make a checkpoint and then replay the benchmark of interest with a slower CPU.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This can be observed interactively in full system with:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run --arch aarch64 --emulator gem5</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Then in the guest terminal after boot ends:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>sh -c 'm5 checkpoint;sh'
|
||
m5 exit</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>And then restore the checkpoint with a different slower CPU:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run --arch arm --emulator gem5 --gem5-restore 1 -- --caches --cpu-type=DerivO3CPU</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>And now you will notice that everything happens much slower in the guest terminal!</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>One even more direct and minimal way to observe this is with <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/userland/freestanding/gem5_checkpoint.S">userland/freestanding/gem5_checkpoint.S</a> which was mentioned at <a href="gem5-checkpoint-userland-minimal-example.html">gem5 checkpoint userland minimal example</a> plus some logging:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run \
|
||
--arch aarch64 \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--static \
|
||
--trace ExecAll,FmtFlag,O3CPU,SimpleCPU \
|
||
--userland userland/freestanding/gem5_checkpoint.S \
|
||
;
|
||
cat "$(./getvar --arch aarch64 --emulator gem5 trace_txt_file)"
|
||
./run \
|
||
--arch aarch64 \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--gem5-restore 1 \
|
||
--static \
|
||
--trace ExecAll,FmtFlag,O3CPU,SimpleCPU \
|
||
--userland userland/freestanding/gem5_checkpoint.S \
|
||
-- \
|
||
--caches \
|
||
--cpu-type DerivO3CPU \
|
||
--restore-with-cpu DerivO3CPU \
|
||
;
|
||
cat "$(./getvar --arch aarch64 --emulator gem5 trace_txt_file)"</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>At gem5 2235168b72537535d74c645a70a85479801e0651, the first run does everything in <a href="gem5-atomicsimplecpu.html">AtomicSimpleCPU</a>:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>...
|
||
0: SimpleCPU: system.cpu.dcache_port: received snoop pkt for addr:0x1f92 WriteReq
|
||
0: SimpleCPU: system.cpu.dcache_port: received snoop pkt for addr:0x1e40 WriteReq
|
||
0: SimpleCPU: system.cpu.dcache_port: received snoop pkt for addr:0x1e30 WriteReq
|
||
0: SimpleCPU: system.cpu: Tick
|
||
0: ExecEnable: system.cpu: A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue : movz x0, #0, #0 : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000000 flags=(IsInteger)
|
||
500: SimpleCPU: system.cpu: Tick
|
||
500: ExecEnable: system.cpu: A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+4 : movz x1, #0, #0 : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000000 flags=(IsInteger)
|
||
1000: SimpleCPU: system.cpu: Tick
|
||
1000: ExecEnable: system.cpu: A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+8 : m5checkpoint : IntAlu : flags=(IsInteger|IsNonSpeculative|IsUnverifiable)
|
||
1000: SimpleCPU: system.cpu: Resume
|
||
1500: SimpleCPU: system.cpu: Tick
|
||
1500: ExecEnable: system.cpu: A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+12 : movz x0, #0, #0 : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000000 flags=(IsInteger)
|
||
2000: SimpleCPU: system.cpu: Tick
|
||
2000: ExecEnable: system.cpu: A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+16 : m5exit : No_OpClass : flags=(IsInteger|IsNonSpeculative)</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>and after restore we see as expected a single <code>ExecEnable</code> instruction executed amidst <code>O3CPU</code> noise:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>FullO3CPU: Ticking main, FullO3CPU.
|
||
79000: ExecEnable: system.cpu: A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+12 : movz x0, #0, #0 : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000000 FetchSeq=1 CPSeq=1 flags=(IsInteger)
|
||
82500: O3CPU: system.cpu: Removing committed instruction [tid:0] PC (0x400084=>0x400088).(0=>1) [sn:1]
|
||
82500: O3CPU: system.cpu: Removing instruction, [tid:0] [sn:1] PC (0x400084=>0x400088).(0=>1)
|
||
82500: O3CPU: system.cpu: Scheduling next tick!
|
||
83000: O3CPU: system.cpu:</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>which is the <code>movz</code> after the checkpoint. The final <code>m5exit</code> does not appear due to DerivO3CPU logging insanity.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Bibliography:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60876259/which-system-characteristics-such-as-number-of-cores-of-cache-configurations-can" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60876259/which-system-characteristics-such-as-number-of-cores-of-cache-configurations-can</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49011096/how-to-switch-cpu-models-in-gem5-after-restoring-a-checkpoint-and-then-observe-t" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49011096/how-to-switch-cpu-models-in-gem5-after-restoring-a-checkpoint-and-then-observe-t</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="gem5-fast-forward.html">gem5 fast forward</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="gem5-restore-new-script.html">gem5 checkpoint restore and run a different script</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="gem5-checkpoint.html">gem5 checkpoint</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="gem5-fast-forward.html">gem5 fast forward</a> →</p>
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