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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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623 lines
36 KiB
HTML
623 lines
36 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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</head>
|
||
<body id="gem5-run-benchmark" class="article">
|
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<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect2">
|
||
<h3 id="gem5-run-benchmark"><a class="anchor" href="#gem5-run-benchmark"></a><a class="link" href="#gem5-run-benchmark">24.2. gem5 run benchmark</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>OK, this is why we used gem5 in the first place, performance measurements!</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Let’s see how many cycles dhrystone, which Buildroot provides, takes for a few different input parameters.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>We will do that for various input parameters on full system by taking a checkpoint after the boot finishes a fast atomic CPU boot, and then we will restore in a more detailed mode and run the benchmark:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./build-buildroot --config 'BR2_PACKAGE_DHRYSTONE=y'
|
||
# Boot fast, take checkpoint, and exit.
|
||
./run --arch aarch64 --emulator gem5 --eval-after './gem5.sh'
|
||
|
||
# Restore the checkpoint after boot, and benchmark with input 1000.
|
||
./run \
|
||
--arch aarch64 \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--eval-after './gem5.sh' \
|
||
--gem5-readfile 'm5 resetstats;dhrystone 1000;m5 dumpstats' \
|
||
--gem5-restore 1 \
|
||
-- \
|
||
--cpu-type=HPI \
|
||
--restore-with-cpu=HPI \
|
||
--caches \
|
||
--l2cache \
|
||
--l1d_size=64kB \
|
||
--l1i_size=64kB \
|
||
--l2_size=256kB \
|
||
;
|
||
# Get the value for number of cycles.
|
||
# head because there are two lines: our dumpstats and the
|
||
# automatic dumpstats at the end which we don't care about.
|
||
./gem5-stat --arch aarch64 | head -n 1
|
||
|
||
# Now for input 10000.
|
||
./run \
|
||
--arch aarch64 \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--eval-after './gem5.sh' \
|
||
--gem5-readfile 'm5 resetstats;dhrystone 10000;m5 dumpstats' \
|
||
--gem5-restore 1 \
|
||
-- \
|
||
--cpu-type=HPI \
|
||
--restore-with-cpu=HPI \
|
||
--caches \
|
||
--l2cache \
|
||
--l1d_size=64kB \
|
||
--l1i_size=64kB \
|
||
--l2_size=256kB \
|
||
;
|
||
./gem5-stat --arch aarch64 | head -n 1</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>If you ever need a shell to quickly inspect the system state after boot, you can just use:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run \
|
||
--arch aarch64 \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--eval-after './gem5.sh' \
|
||
--gem5-readfile 'sh' \
|
||
--gem5-restore 1 \</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This procedure is further automated and DRYed up at:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./gem5-bench-dhrystone
|
||
cat out/gem5-bench-dhrystone.txt</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Source: <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/gem5-bench-dhrystone">gem5-bench-dhrystone</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Output at 2438410c25e200d9766c8c65773ee7469b599e4a + 1:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>n cycles
|
||
1000 13665219
|
||
10000 20559002
|
||
100000 85977065</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>so as expected, the Dhrystone run with a larger input parameter <code>100000</code> took more cycles than the ones with smaller input parameters.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The <code>gem5-stats</code> commands output the approximate number of CPU cycles it took Dhrystone to run.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>A more naive and simpler to understand approach would be a direct:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run --arch aarch64 --emulator gem5 --eval 'm5 checkpoint;m5 resetstats;dhrystone 10000;m5 exit'</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>but the problem is that this method does not allow to easily run a different script without running the boot again. The <code>./gem5.sh</code> script works around that by using <a href="m5-readfile.html">m5 readfile</a> as explained further at: <a href="gem5-restore-new-script.html">Section 24.6.3, “gem5 checkpoint restore and run a different script”</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Now you can play a fun little game with your friends:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>pick a computational problem</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>make a program that solves the computation problem, and outputs output to stdout</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>write the code that runs the correct computation in the smallest number of cycles possible</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Interesting algorithms and benchmarks for this game are being collected at:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="algorithms.html">Algorithms</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="benchmarks.html">Benchmarks</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>To find out why your program is slow, a good first step is to have a look at the <a href="gem5-m5out-stats-txt-file.html">gem5 m5out/stats.txt file</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="skip-extra-benchmark-instructions.html">Skip extra benchmark instructions</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="gem5-vs-qemu.html">gem5 vs QEMU</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="gem5.html">gem5</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="skip-extra-benchmark-instructions.html">Skip extra benchmark instructions</a> →</p>
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