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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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670 lines
40 KiB
HTML
670 lines
40 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. EVERYTHING is built from source. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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</head>
|
||
<body id="gem5-cache-size" class="article">
|
||
<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect3">
|
||
<h4 id="gem5-cache-size"><a class="anchor" href="#gem5-cache-size"></a><a class="link" href="#gem5-cache-size">24.3.2. gem5 cache size</a></h4>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49624061/how-to-run-gem5-simulator-in-fs-mode-without-cache/49634544#49634544" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49624061/how-to-run-gem5-simulator-in-fs-mode-without-cache/49634544#49634544</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>A quick <code>./run --emulator gem5 -- -h</code> leads us to the options:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>--caches
|
||
--l1d_size=1024
|
||
--l1i_size=1024
|
||
--l2cache
|
||
--l2_size=1024
|
||
--l3_size=1024</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>But keep in mind that it only affects benchmark performance of the most detailed CPU types as shown at: <a href="gem5-cache-size.html#table-gem5-cache-cpu-type">Table 2, “gem5 cache support in function of CPU type”</a>.</p>
|
||
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|
||
<caption class="title">Table 2. gem5 cache support in function of CPU type</caption>
|
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<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
|
||
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
|
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<col style="width: 33.3334%;">
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
|
||
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|
||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">arch</th>
|
||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">CPU type</th>
|
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<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">caches used</th>
|
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</tr>
|
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</thead>
|
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<tbody>
|
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<tr>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">X86</p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>AtomicSimpleCPU</code></p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">no</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">X86</p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DerivO3CPU</code></p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">?*</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">ARM</p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>AtomicSimpleCPU</code></p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">no</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">ARM</p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>HPI</code></p></td>
|
||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">yes</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>*: couldn’t test because of:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49011096/how-to-switch-cpu-models-in-gem5-after-restoring-a-checkpoint-and-then-observe-t" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49011096/how-to-switch-cpu-models-in-gem5-after-restoring-a-checkpoint-and-then-observe-t</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Cache sizes can in theory be checked with the methods described at: <a href="https://superuser.com/questions/55776/finding-l2-cache-size-in-linux" class="bare">https://superuser.com/questions/55776/finding-l2-cache-size-in-linux</a>:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>lscpu
|
||
cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cache/index2/size</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>and on Ubuntu 20.04 host <a href="sysconf.html">but not Buildroot 1.31.1</a>:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>getconf -a | grep CACHE</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>and we also have an easy to use userland executable using <a href="sysconf.html">sysconf</a> at <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/userland/linux/sysconf.c">userland/linux/sysconf.c</a>:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run --emulator gem5 --userland userland/linux/sysconf.c</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>but for some reason the Linux kernel is not seeing the cache sizes:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49008792/why-doesnt-the-linux-kernel-see-the-cache-sizes-in-the-gem5-emulator-in-full-sy" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49008792/why-doesnt-the-linux-kernel-see-the-cache-sizes-in-the-gem5-emulator-in-full-sy</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="http://gem5-users.gem5.narkive.com/4xVBlf3c/verify-cache-configuration" class="bare">http://gem5-users.gem5.narkive.com/4xVBlf3c/verify-cache-configuration</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Behaviour breakdown:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>arm QEMU and gem5 (both <code>AtomicSimpleCPU</code> or <code>HPI</code>), x86 gem5: <code>/sys</code> files don’t exist, and <code>getconf</code> and <code>lscpu</code> value empty</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>x86 QEMU: <code>/sys</code> files exist, but <code>getconf</code> and <code>lscpu</code> values still empty</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The only precise option is therefore to look at <a href="gem5-config-ini.html">gem5 config.ini</a> as done at: <a href="gem5-event-queue-timingsimplecpu-syscall-emulation-freestanding-example-analysis-with-caches.html">gem5 event queue TimingSimpleCPU syscall emulation freestanding example analysis with caches</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Or for a quick and dirty performance measurement approach instead:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./gem5-bench-cache -- --arch aarch64
|
||
cat "$(./getvar --arch aarch64 run_dir)/bench-cache.txt"</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>which gives:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>cmd ./run --emulator gem5 --arch aarch64 --gem5-readfile "dhrystone 1000" --gem5-restore 1 -- --caches --l2cache --l1d_size=1024 --l1i_size=1024 --l2_size=1024 --l3_size=1024 --cpu-type=HPI --restore-with-cpu=HPI
|
||
time 23.82
|
||
exit_status 0
|
||
cycles 93284622
|
||
instructions 4393457
|
||
|
||
cmd ./run --emulator gem5 --arch aarch64 --gem5-readfile "dhrystone 1000" --gem5-restore 1 -- --caches --l2cache --l1d_size=1024kB --l1i_size=1024kB --l2_size=1024kB --l3_size=1024kB --cpu-type=HPI --restore-with-cpu=HPI
|
||
time 14.91
|
||
exit_status 0
|
||
cycles 10128985
|
||
instructions 4211458
|
||
|
||
cmd ./run --emulator gem5 --arch aarch64 --gem5-readfile "dhrystone 10000" --gem5-restore 1 -- --caches --l2cache --l1d_size=1024 --l1i_size=1024 --l2_size=1024 --l3_size=1024 --cpu-type=HPI --restore-with-cpu=HPI
|
||
time 51.87
|
||
exit_status 0
|
||
cycles 188803630
|
||
instructions 12401336
|
||
|
||
cmd ./run --emulator gem5 --arch aarch64 --gem5-readfile "dhrystone 10000" --gem5-restore 1 -- --caches --l2cache --l1d_size=1024kB --l1i_size=1024kB --l2_size=1024kB --l3_size=1024kB --cpu-type=HPI --restore-with-cpu=HPI
|
||
time 35.35
|
||
exit_status 0
|
||
cycles 20715757
|
||
instructions 12192527
|
||
|
||
cmd ./run --emulator gem5 --arch aarch64 --gem5-readfile "dhrystone 100000" --gem5-restore 1 -- --caches --l2cache --l1d_size=1024 --l1i_size=1024 --l2_size=1024 --l3_size=1024 --cpu-type=HPI --restore-with-cpu=HPI
|
||
time 339.07
|
||
exit_status 0
|
||
cycles 1176559936
|
||
instructions 94222791
|
||
|
||
cmd ./run --emulator gem5 --arch aarch64 --gem5-readfile "dhrystone 100000" --gem5-restore 1 -- --caches --l2cache --l1d_size=1024kB --l1i_size=1024kB --l2_size=1024kB --l3_size=1024kB --cpu-type=HPI --restore-with-cpu=HPI
|
||
time 240.37
|
||
exit_status 0
|
||
cycles 125666679
|
||
instructions 91738770</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>We make the following conclusions:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>the number of instructions almost does not change: the CPU is waiting for memory all the extra time. TODO: why does it change at all?</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>the wall clock execution time is not directionally proportional to the number of cycles: here we had a 10x cycle increase, but only 2x time increase. This suggests that the simulation of cycles in which the CPU is waiting for memory to come back is faster.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="gem5-arm-full-system-with-more-than-8-cores.html">gem5 ARM full system with more than 8 cores</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="gem5-system-parameters.html">gem5 system parameters</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="gem5-dram-model.html">gem5 DRAM model</a> →</p>
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