mirror of
https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
synced 2026-01-25 11:11:35 +01:00
542 lines
35 KiB
HTML
542 lines
35 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.11">
|
||
<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. EVERYTHING is built from source. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
|
||
<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
|
||
<style>
|
||
/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
|
||
/* Uncomment @import statement to use as custom stylesheet */
|
||
/*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/
|
||
article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section{display:block}
|
||
audio,video{display:inline-block}
|
||
audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
|
||
html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
||
a{background:none}
|
||
a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
|
||
a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
|
||
h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
|
||
abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}
|
||
b,strong{font-weight:bold}
|
||
dfn{font-style:italic}
|
||
hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}
|
||
mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
|
||
code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
|
||
pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
||
q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
|
||
small{font-size:80%}
|
||
sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
|
||
sup{top:-.5em}
|
||
sub{bottom:-.25em}
|
||
img{border:0}
|
||
svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
|
||
figure{margin:0}
|
||
fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
|
||
legend{border:0;padding:0}
|
||
button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
|
||
button,input{line-height:normal}
|
||
button,select{text-transform:none}
|
||
button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
|
||
button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
|
||
input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}
|
||
button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
|
||
textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
|
||
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
|
||
*,*::before,*::after{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}
|
||
html,body{font-size:100%}
|
||
body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
|
||
a:hover{cursor:pointer}
|
||
img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
|
||
object,embed{height:100%}
|
||
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
|
||
.left{float:left!important}
|
||
.right{float:right!important}
|
||
.text-left{text-align:left!important}
|
||
.text-right{text-align:right!important}
|
||
.text-center{text-align:center!important}
|
||
.text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
|
||
.hide{display:none}
|
||
img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
|
||
textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
|
||
select{width:100%}
|
||
.subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em}
|
||
div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0}
|
||
a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
|
||
a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
|
||
a img{border:0}
|
||
p{font-family:inherit;font-weight:400;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
||
p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
|
||
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em}
|
||
h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0}
|
||
h1{font-size:2.125em}
|
||
h2{font-size:1.6875em}
|
||
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
|
||
h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
|
||
h6{font-size:1em}
|
||
hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em;height:0}
|
||
em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
|
||
strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
|
||
small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
|
||
code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
||
ul,ol,dl{font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
|
||
ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
|
||
ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0;font-size:1em}
|
||
ul.square li ul,ul.circle li ul,ul.disc li ul{list-style:inherit}
|
||
ul.square{list-style-type:square}
|
||
ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
|
||
ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
|
||
ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
|
||
dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
|
||
dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
||
abbr,acronym{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:90%;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-bottom:1px dotted #ddd;cursor:help}
|
||
abbr{text-transform:none}
|
||
blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
|
||
blockquote cite{display:block;font-size:.9375em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
||
blockquote cite::before{content:"\2014 \0020"}
|
||
blockquote cite a,blockquote cite a:visited{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
||
blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
||
@media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}
|
||
h1{font-size:2.75em}
|
||
h2{font-size:2.3125em}
|
||
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
|
||
h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
|
||
table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:solid 1px #dedede}
|
||
table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
|
||
table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
|
||
table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
|
||
table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7}
|
||
table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{display:table-cell;line-height:1.6}
|
||
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
|
||
h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
|
||
.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
|
||
.stretch{width:100%}
|
||
.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
|
||
.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
|
||
:not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
|
||
:not(pre).nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
|
||
:not(pre).pre-wrap{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
||
:not(pre):not([class^=L])>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background:#f7f7f8;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
|
||
pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
|
||
pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}
|
||
pre>code{display:block}
|
||
pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
|
||
em em{font-style:normal}
|
||
strong strong{font-weight:400}
|
||
.keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)}
|
||
kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em white inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em #fff inset;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
|
||
.keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0}
|
||
.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
|
||
.menuseq,.menuref{color:#000}
|
||
.menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit}
|
||
.menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em}
|
||
.menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8}
|
||
.menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em}
|
||
b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
|
||
b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
|
||
b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
|
||
p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
||
#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em}
|
||
#header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table}
|
||
#header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both}
|
||
#content{margin-top:1.25em}
|
||
#content::before{content:none}
|
||
#header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0}
|
||
#header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf}
|
||
#header>h1:only-child,body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
|
||
#header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}
|
||
#header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em}
|
||
#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
||
#header .details br{display:none}
|
||
#header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"}
|
||
#header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
||
#header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"}
|
||
#header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
|
||
#header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"}
|
||
#content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
|
||
#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em}
|
||
#toc>ul{margin-left:.125em}
|
||
#toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic}
|
||
#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0}
|
||
#toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none}
|
||
#toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em}
|
||
#toc a{text-decoration:none}
|
||
#toc a:active{text-decoration:underline}
|
||
#toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em}
|
||
@media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
|
||
body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
|
||
#toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto}
|
||
#toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em}
|
||
#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0}
|
||
#toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em}
|
||
#toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em}
|
||
body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
|
||
body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:0}}
|
||
@media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0}
|
||
#toc.toc2{width:20em}
|
||
#toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
|
||
#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em}
|
||
#toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em}
|
||
body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
|
||
#content #toc{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
||
#content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0}
|
||
#content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
#footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em}
|
||
#footer-text{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);line-height:1.44}
|
||
#content{margin-bottom:.625em}
|
||
.sect1{padding-bottom:.625em}
|
||
@media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
||
.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
|
||
.sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
|
||
.sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9}
|
||
#content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400}
|
||
#content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em}
|
||
#content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible}
|
||
#content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none}
|
||
#content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221}
|
||
details,.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
||
details>summary:first-of-type{cursor:pointer;display:list-item;outline:none;margin-bottom:.75em}
|
||
.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}
|
||
table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0}
|
||
.paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>[class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
||
table.tableblock #preamble>.sectionbody>[class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p{font-size:inherit}
|
||
.admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%}
|
||
.admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px}
|
||
.admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none}
|
||
.admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}
|
||
.admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
||
.admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
.exampleblock>.content{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
||
.exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
|
||
.exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
.sidebarblock{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#dbdbd6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
||
.sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0}
|
||
.sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
|
||
.exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em}
|
||
@media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:.90625em}}
|
||
@media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:1em}}
|
||
.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock>.content>pre[class="highlight"],.listingblock>.content>pre[class^="highlight "]{background:#f7f7f8}
|
||
.literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
||
.listingblock>.content{position:relative}
|
||
.listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:.75em;top:.425rem;right:.5rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:inherit;opacity:.5}
|
||
.listingblock:hover code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
|
||
.listingblock.terminal pre .command::before{content:attr(data-prompt);padding-right:.5em;color:inherit;opacity:.5}
|
||
.listingblock.terminal pre .command:not([data-prompt])::before{content:"$"}
|
||
.listingblock pre.highlightjs{padding:0}
|
||
.listingblock pre.highlightjs>code{padding:1em;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
||
.listingblock pre.prettyprint{border-width:0}
|
||
.prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8}
|
||
pre.prettyprint .linenums{line-height:1.45;margin-left:2em}
|
||
pre.prettyprint li{background:none;list-style-type:inherit;padding-left:0}
|
||
pre.prettyprint li code[data-lang]::before{opacity:1}
|
||
pre.prettyprint li:not(:first-child) code[data-lang]::before{display:none}
|
||
table.linenotable{border-collapse:separate;border:0;margin-bottom:0;background:none}
|
||
table.linenotable td[class]{color:inherit;vertical-align:top;padding:0;line-height:inherit;white-space:normal}
|
||
table.linenotable td.code{padding-left:.75em}
|
||
table.linenotable td.linenos{border-right:1px solid currentColor;opacity:.35;padding-right:.5em}
|
||
pre.pygments .lineno{border-right:1px solid currentColor;opacity:.35;display:inline-block;margin-right:.75em}
|
||
pre.pygments .lineno::before{content:"";margin-right:-.125em}
|
||
.quoteblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em 1.5em;display:table}
|
||
.quoteblock:not(.excerpt)>.title{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-bottom:.75em}
|
||
.quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.75;word-spacing:.1em;letter-spacing:0;font-style:italic;text-align:justify}
|
||
.quoteblock blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border:0}
|
||
.quoteblock blockquote::before{content:"\201c";float:left;font-size:2.75em;font-weight:bold;line-height:.6em;margin-left:-.6em;color:#7a2518;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}
|
||
.quoteblock blockquote>.paragraph:last-child p{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
.quoteblock .attribution{margin-top:.75em;margin-right:.5ex;text-align:right}
|
||
.verseblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em}
|
||
.verseblock pre{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans;font-size:1.15rem;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-weight:300;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
||
.verseblock pre strong{font-weight:400}
|
||
.verseblock .attribution{margin-top:1.25rem;margin-left:.5ex}
|
||
.quoteblock .attribution,.verseblock .attribution{font-size:.9375em;line-height:1.45;font-style:italic}
|
||
.quoteblock .attribution br,.verseblock .attribution br{display:none}
|
||
.quoteblock .attribution cite,.verseblock .attribution cite{display:block;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
||
.quoteblock.abstract blockquote::before,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote::before,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote::before{display:none}
|
||
.quoteblock.abstract blockquote,.quoteblock.abstract p,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{line-height:1.6;word-spacing:0}
|
||
.quoteblock.abstract{margin:0 1em 1.25em;display:block}
|
||
.quoteblock.abstract>.title{margin:0 0 .375em;font-size:1.15em;text-align:center}
|
||
.quoteblock.excerpt>blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock{padding:0 0 .25em 1em;border-left:.25em solid #dddddf}
|
||
.quoteblock.excerpt,.quoteblock .quoteblock{margin-left:0}
|
||
.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{color:inherit;font-size:1.0625rem}
|
||
.quoteblock.excerpt .attribution,.quoteblock .quoteblock .attribution{color:inherit;text-align:left;margin-right:0}
|
||
table.tableblock{max-width:100%}
|
||
p.tableblock:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
td.tableblock>.content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
||
td.tableblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:-1.25em}
|
||
table.tableblock,th.tableblock,td.tableblock{border:0 solid #dedede}
|
||
table.grid-all>*>tr>*{border-width:1px}
|
||
table.grid-cols>*>tr>*{border-width:0 1px}
|
||
table.grid-rows>*>tr>*{border-width:1px 0}
|
||
table.frame-all{border-width:1px}
|
||
table.frame-ends{border-width:1px 0}
|
||
table.frame-sides{border-width:0 1px}
|
||
table.frame-none>colgroup+*>:first-child>*,table.frame-sides>colgroup+*>:first-child>*{border-top-width:0}
|
||
table.frame-none>:last-child>:last-child>*,table.frame-sides>:last-child>:last-child>*{border-bottom-width:0}
|
||
table.frame-none>*>tr>:first-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:first-child{border-left-width:0}
|
||
table.frame-none>*>tr>:last-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:last-child{border-right-width:0}
|
||
table.stripes-all tr,table.stripes-odd tr:nth-of-type(odd),table.stripes-even tr:nth-of-type(even),table.stripes-hover tr:hover{background:#f8f8f7}
|
||
th.halign-left,td.halign-left{text-align:left}
|
||
th.halign-right,td.halign-right{text-align:right}
|
||
th.halign-center,td.halign-center{text-align:center}
|
||
th.valign-top,td.valign-top{vertical-align:top}
|
||
th.valign-bottom,td.valign-bottom{vertical-align:bottom}
|
||
th.valign-middle,td.valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}
|
||
table thead th,table tfoot th{font-weight:bold}
|
||
tbody tr th{display:table-cell;line-height:1.6;background:#f7f8f7}
|
||
tbody tr th,tbody tr th p,tfoot tr th,tfoot tr th p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-weight:bold}
|
||
p.tableblock>code:only-child{background:none;padding:0}
|
||
p.tableblock{font-size:1em}
|
||
ol{margin-left:1.75em}
|
||
ul li ol{margin-left:1.5em}
|
||
dl dd{margin-left:1.125em}
|
||
dl dd:last-child,dl dd:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
ol>li p,ul>li p,ul dd,ol dd,.olist .olist,.ulist .ulist,.ulist .olist,.olist .ulist{margin-bottom:.625em}
|
||
ul.checklist,ul.none,ol.none,ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered,ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{list-style-type:none}
|
||
ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered{margin-left:.625em}
|
||
ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{margin-left:0}
|
||
ul.checklist{margin-left:.625em}
|
||
ul.checklist li>p:first-child>.fa-square-o:first-child,ul.checklist li>p:first-child>.fa-check-square-o:first-child{width:1.25em;font-size:.8em;position:relative;bottom:.125em}
|
||
ul.checklist li>p:first-child>input[type="checkbox"]:first-child{margin-right:.25em}
|
||
ul.inline{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;list-style:none;margin:0 0 .625em -1.25em}
|
||
ul.inline>li{margin-left:1.25em}
|
||
.unstyled dl dt{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}
|
||
ol.arabic{list-style-type:decimal}
|
||
ol.decimal{list-style-type:decimal-leading-zero}
|
||
ol.loweralpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}
|
||
ol.upperalpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}
|
||
ol.lowerroman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
|
||
ol.upperroman{list-style-type:upper-roman}
|
||
ol.lowergreek{list-style-type:lower-greek}
|
||
.hdlist>table,.colist>table{border:0;background:none}
|
||
.hdlist>table>tbody>tr,.colist>table>tbody>tr{background:none}
|
||
td.hdlist1,td.hdlist2{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .625em}
|
||
td.hdlist1{font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:1.25em}
|
||
.literalblock+.colist,.listingblock+.colist{margin-top:-.5em}
|
||
.colist td:not([class]):first-child{padding:.4em .75em 0;line-height:1;vertical-align:top}
|
||
.colist td:not([class]):first-child img{max-width:none}
|
||
.colist td:not([class]):last-child{padding:.25em 0}
|
||
.thumb,.th{line-height:0;display:inline-block;border:solid 4px #fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd}
|
||
.imageblock.left{margin:.25em .625em 1.25em 0}
|
||
.imageblock.right{margin:.25em 0 1.25em .625em}
|
||
.imageblock>.title{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
.imageblock.thumb,.imageblock.th{border-width:6px}
|
||
.imageblock.thumb>.title,.imageblock.th>.title{padding:0 .125em}
|
||
.image.left,.image.right{margin-top:.25em;margin-bottom:.25em;display:inline-block;line-height:0}
|
||
.image.left{margin-right:.625em}
|
||
.image.right{margin-left:.625em}
|
||
a.image{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}
|
||
a.image object{pointer-events:none}
|
||
sup.footnote,sup.footnoteref{font-size:.875em;position:static;vertical-align:super}
|
||
sup.footnote a,sup.footnoteref a{text-decoration:none}
|
||
sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active{text-decoration:underline}
|
||
#footnotes{padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.75em;margin-bottom:.625em}
|
||
#footnotes hr{width:20%;min-width:6.25em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em;border-width:1px 0 0}
|
||
#footnotes .footnote{padding:0 .375em 0 .225em;line-height:1.3334;font-size:.875em;margin-left:1.2em;margin-bottom:.2em}
|
||
#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;margin-left:-1.05em}
|
||
#footnotes .footnote:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}
|
||
#content #footnotes{margin-top:-.625em;margin-bottom:0;padding:.75em 0}
|
||
.gist .file-data>table{border:0;background:#fff;width:100%;margin-bottom:0}
|
||
.gist .file-data>table td.line-data{width:99%}
|
||
div.unbreakable{page-break-inside:avoid}
|
||
.big{font-size:larger}
|
||
.small{font-size:smaller}
|
||
.underline{text-decoration:underline}
|
||
.overline{text-decoration:overline}
|
||
.line-through{text-decoration:line-through}
|
||
.aqua{color:#00bfbf}
|
||
.aqua-background{background:#00fafa}
|
||
.black{color:#000}
|
||
.black-background{background:#000}
|
||
.blue{color:#0000bf}
|
||
.blue-background{background:#0000fa}
|
||
.fuchsia{color:#bf00bf}
|
||
.fuchsia-background{background:#fa00fa}
|
||
.gray{color:#606060}
|
||
.gray-background{background:#7d7d7d}
|
||
.green{color:#006000}
|
||
.green-background{background:#007d00}
|
||
.lime{color:#00bf00}
|
||
.lime-background{background:#00fa00}
|
||
.maroon{color:#600000}
|
||
.maroon-background{background:#7d0000}
|
||
.navy{color:#000060}
|
||
.navy-background{background:#00007d}
|
||
.olive{color:#606000}
|
||
.olive-background{background:#7d7d00}
|
||
.purple{color:#600060}
|
||
.purple-background{background:#7d007d}
|
||
.red{color:#bf0000}
|
||
.red-background{background:#fa0000}
|
||
.silver{color:#909090}
|
||
.silver-background{background:#bcbcbc}
|
||
.teal{color:#006060}
|
||
.teal-background{background:#007d7d}
|
||
.white{color:#bfbfbf}
|
||
.white-background{background:#fafafa}
|
||
.yellow{color:#bfbf00}
|
||
.yellow-background{background:#fafa00}
|
||
span.icon>.fa{cursor:default}
|
||
a span.icon>.fa{cursor:inherit}
|
||
.admonitionblock td.icon [class^="fa icon-"]{font-size:2.5em;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);cursor:default}
|
||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-note::before{content:"\f05a";color:#19407c}
|
||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-tip::before{content:"\f0eb";text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(155,155,0,.8);color:#111}
|
||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-warning::before{content:"\f071";color:#bf6900}
|
||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-caution::before{content:"\f06d";color:#bf3400}
|
||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-important::before{content:"\f06a";color:#bf0000}
|
||
.conum[data-value]{display:inline-block;color:#fff!important;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);-webkit-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;text-align:center;font-size:.75em;width:1.67em;height:1.67em;line-height:1.67em;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold}
|
||
.conum[data-value] *{color:#fff!important}
|
||
.conum[data-value]+b{display:none}
|
||
.conum[data-value]::after{content:attr(data-value)}
|
||
pre .conum[data-value]{position:relative;top:-.125em}
|
||
b.conum *{color:inherit!important}
|
||
.conum:not([data-value]):empty{display:none}
|
||
dt,th.tableblock,td.content,div.footnote{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
||
h1,h2,p,td.content,span.alt{letter-spacing:-.01em}
|
||
p strong,td.content strong,div.footnote strong{letter-spacing:-.005em}
|
||
p,blockquote,dt,td.content,span.alt{font-size:1.0625rem}
|
||
p{margin-bottom:1.25rem}
|
||
.sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em}
|
||
.exampleblock>.content{background:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc}
|
||
.print-only{display:none!important}
|
||
@page{margin:1.25cm .75cm}
|
||
@media print{*{-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important}
|
||
html{font-size:80%}
|
||
a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important}
|
||
a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important}
|
||
a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare)::after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare)::after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em}
|
||
abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}
|
||
pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid}
|
||
thead{display:table-header-group}
|
||
svg{max-width:100%}
|
||
p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3}
|
||
h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid}
|
||
#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none}
|
||
#toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important}
|
||
#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important}
|
||
body.book #header{text-align:center}
|
||
body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em}
|
||
body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important}
|
||
body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important}
|
||
body.book #header .details br{display:block}
|
||
body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important}
|
||
body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}
|
||
body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always}
|
||
.listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
|
||
#footer{padding:0 .9375em}
|
||
.hide-on-print{display:none!important}
|
||
.print-only{display:block!important}
|
||
.hide-for-print{display:none!important}
|
||
.show-for-print{display:inherit!important}}
|
||
@media print,amzn-kf8{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem}
|
||
.sect1{padding:0!important}
|
||
.sect1+.sect1{border:0}
|
||
#footer{background:none}
|
||
#footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}}
|
||
@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<style>
|
||
pre{ white-space:pre }
|
||
#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer {
|
||
margin-left:40px;
|
||
padding-right:60px;
|
||
max-width:none;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<style>.toc-current{font-weight: bold;} .toc-root{font-family: "Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;
|
||
font-size: 0.9em;} #content{display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 auto;}
|
||
.nav-footer{text-align: center; margin-top: auto;}
|
||
.nav-footer > p > a {white-space: nowrap;}</style>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body id="arm-pmu" class="article">
|
||
<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect2">
|
||
<h3 id="arm-pmu"><a class="anchor" href="#arm-pmu"></a><a class="link" href="#arm-pmu">30.9. ARM PMU</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The PMU (Performance Monitor Unit) is an unit in the ARM CPU that counts performance events of interest. These can be used to benchmark, and sometimes debug, code running on ARM CPUs.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>It is documented at <a href="armarm8-fa.html">ARMv8 architecture reference manual db</a> Chapter D7 "The Performance Monitors Extension"></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The <a href="linux-kernel.html">Linux kernel</a> exposes some (all?) of those events through the arch-agnostic <a href="perf-event-open.html"><code>perf_event_open</code> system call</a> system call.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Exposing the PMU to Linux v5.9.2 requires a <a href="dtb-files.html">DTB</a> entry of type:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>pmu {
|
||
compatible = "arm,armv8-pmuv3";
|
||
interrupts = <0x01 0x04 0xf04>;
|
||
};</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>and if sucessful, a boot message shows:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre><6>[ 0.044391] hw perfevents: enabled with armv8_pmuv3 PMU driver, 32 counters available</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The PMU is exposed through <a href="arm-system-register-instructions.html">ARM system register instructions</a>, with registers that start with the prefix <code>PM*</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p><6>[ 0.044391] hw perfevents: enabled with armv8_pmuv3 PMU driver, 32 counters available</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p><a href="armarm8-fa.html">ARMv8 architecture reference manual db</a> D7.11.3 "Common event numbers" gives the available standardized events. Address space is also reverved for vendor extensions. For example, from it we see that the instruction count is documented at:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="quoteblock">
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>0x0008, INST_RETIRED, Instruction architecturally executed</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The counter increments for every architecturally executed instruction.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>where "architecturally executed" is a reference to the possibility of <a href="out-of-order-execution.html">Out-of-order execution</a> in the implementation, which leads to some instructions being executed speculatively, but not have any side effects in the end.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Bibliography: <a href="https://community.arm.com/developer/ip-products/system/b/embedded-blog/posts/using-the-arm-performance-monitor-unit-pmu-linux-driver" class="bare">https://community.arm.com/developer/ip-products/system/b/embedded-blog/posts/using-the-arm-performance-monitor-unit-pmu-linux-driver</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="arm-pmccntr-register.html">ARM PMCCNTR register</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="armv8-1-architecture-extension.html">ARMv8.1 architecture extension</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="arm-userland-assembly.html">ARM userland assembly</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="arm-pmccntr-register.html">ARM PMCCNTR register</a> →</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script>
|
||
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
|
||
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
|
||
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
|
||
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
|
||
ga('create', 'UA-47867706-1', 'auto');
|
||
ga('send', 'pageview');
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DEE2HEJW9X"></script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
|
||
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
|
||
gtag('js', new Date());
|
||
gtag('config', 'G-DEE2HEJW9X');
|
||
</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |