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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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676 lines
42 KiB
HTML
676 lines
42 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. EVERYTHING is built from source. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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|
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</head>
|
||
<body id="qemu-buildroot-setup-getting-started" class="article">
|
||
<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect3">
|
||
<h4 id="qemu-buildroot-setup-getting-started"><a class="anchor" href="#qemu-buildroot-setup-getting-started"></a><a class="link" href="#qemu-buildroot-setup-getting-started">2.2.1. QEMU Buildroot setup getting started</a></h4>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This setup has been tested on Ubuntu 20.04.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The Buildroot build is already broken on Ubuntu 21.04 onwards: <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/issues/155" class="bare">https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/issues/155</a>, so just do this from inside a 20.04 Docker instead as shown in the <a href="docker.html">Docker host setup</a> setup. We could fix the build on Ubuntu 21.04, but it will break again inevitably later on.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>For other host operating systems see: <a href="supported-hosts.html">Section 38.1, “Supported hosts”</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Reserve 12Gb of disk and run:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>git clone https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat
|
||
cd linux-kernel-module-cheat
|
||
python3 -m venv .venv
|
||
. .venv/bin/activate
|
||
./setup
|
||
./build --download-dependencies qemu-buildroot
|
||
./run</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>You don’t need to clone recursively even though we have <code>.git</code> submodules: <code>download-dependencies</code> fetches just the submodules that you need for this build to save time.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>If something goes wrong, see: <a href="common-build-issues.html">Section 38.2, “Common build issues”</a> and use our issue tracker: <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/issues" class="bare">https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/issues</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The initial build will take a while (30 minutes to 2 hours) to clone and build, see <a href="benchmark-builds.html">Benchmark builds</a> for more details.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>If you don’t want to wait, you could also try the following faster but much more limited methods:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="prebuilt.html">Prebuilt setup</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="host.html">Host kernel module setup</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>but you will soon find that they are simply not enough if you anywhere near serious about systems programming.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>After <code>./run</code>, QEMU opens up leaving you in the <a href="lkmc-home.html"><code>/lkmc/</code> directory</a>, and you can start playing with the kernel modules inside the simulated system:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>insmod hello.ko
|
||
insmod hello2.ko
|
||
rmmod hello
|
||
rmmod hello2</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This should print to the screen:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>hello init
|
||
hello2 init
|
||
hello cleanup
|
||
hello2 cleanup</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>which are <code>printk</code> messages from <code>init</code> and <code>cleanup</code> methods of those modules.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Sources:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/kernel_modules/hello.c">kernel_modules/hello.c</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/kernel_modules/hello2.c">kernel_modules/hello2.c</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Quit QEMU with:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>Ctrl-A X</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>See also: <a href="quit-qemu-from-text-mode.html">Section 14.1.1, “Quit QEMU from text mode”</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>All available modules can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/kernel_modules">kernel_modules</a> directory.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>It is super easy to build for different <a href="cpu-architecture.html">CPU architectures</a>, just use the <code>--arch</code> option:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>python3 -m venv .venv
|
||
. .venv/bin/activate
|
||
./setup
|
||
./build --arch aarch64 --download-dependencies qemu-buildroot
|
||
./run --arch aarch64</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>To avoid typing <code>--arch aarch64</code> many times, you can set the default arch as explained at: <a href="default-command-line-arguments.html">Section 38.4, “Default command line arguments”</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>I now urge you to read the following sections which contain widely applicable information:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="run-command-after-boot.html">Run command after boot</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="clean-the-build.html">Clean the build</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="build-the-documentation.html">Build the documentation</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Linux kernel</p>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="printk.html">printk</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="kernel-command-line-parameters.html">Kernel command line parameters</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Once you use <a href="gdb.html">GDB step debug</a> and <a href="tmux.html">tmux</a>, your terminal will look a bit like this:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>[ 1.451857] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/i8042/s1│loading @0xffffffffc0000000: ../kernel_modules-1.0//timer.ko
|
||
[ 1.454310] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs │(gdb) b lkmc_timer_callback
|
||
[ 1.455621] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid │Breakpoint 1 at 0xffffffffc0000000: file /home/ciro/bak/git/linux-kernel-module
|
||
[ 1.455811] usbhid: USB HID core driver │-cheat/out/x86_64/buildroot/build/kernel_modules-1.0/./timer.c, line 28.
|
||
[ 1.462044] NET: Registered protocol family 10 │(gdb) c
|
||
[ 1.467911] Segment Routing with IPv6 │Continuing.
|
||
[ 1.468407] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver │
|
||
[ 1.470859] NET: Registered protocol family 17 │Breakpoint 1, lkmc_timer_callback (data=0xffffffffc0002000 <mytimer>)
|
||
[ 1.472017] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support │ at /linux-kernel-module-cheat//out/x86_64/buildroot/build/
|
||
[ 1.475461] sched_clock: Marking stable (1473574872, 0)->(1554017593, -80442)│kernel_modules-1.0/./timer.c:28
|
||
[ 1.479419] ALSA device list: │28 {
|
||
[ 1.479567] No soundcards found. │(gdb) c
|
||
[ 1.619187] ata2.00: ATAPI: QEMU DVD-ROM, 2.5+, max UDMA/100 │Continuing.
|
||
[ 1.622954] ata2.00: configured for MWDMA2 │
|
||
[ 1.644048] scsi 1:0:0:0: CD-ROM QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 2.5+ P5│Breakpoint 1, lkmc_timer_callback (data=0xffffffffc0002000 <mytimer>)
|
||
[ 1.741966] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 2904.010 MHz │ at /linux-kernel-module-cheat//out/x86_64/buildroot/build/
|
||
[ 1.742796] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x29dc0f4s│kernel_modules-1.0/./timer.c:28
|
||
[ 1.743648] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc │28 {
|
||
[ 2.072945] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8043│(gdb) bt
|
||
[ 2.078641] EXT4-fs (vda): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibis│#0 lkmc_timer_callback (data=0xffffffffc0002000 <mytimer>)
|
||
[ 2.080350] EXT4-fs (vda): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem│ at /linux-kernel-module-cheat//out/x86_64/buildroot/build/
|
||
[ 2.088978] EXT4-fs (vda): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null) │kernel_modules-1.0/./timer.c:28
|
||
[ 2.089872] VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly on device 254:0. │#1 0xffffffff810ab494 in call_timer_fn (timer=0xffffffffc0002000 <mytimer>,
|
||
[ 2.097168] devtmpfs: mounted │ fn=0xffffffffc0000000 <lkmc_timer_callback>) at kernel/time/timer.c:1326
|
||
[ 2.126472] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1264K │#2 0xffffffff810ab71f in expire_timers (head=<optimized out>,
|
||
[ 2.126706] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 16384k │ base=<optimized out>) at kernel/time/timer.c:1363
|
||
[ 2.129388] Freeing unused kernel memory: 2024K │#3 __run_timers (base=<optimized out>) at kernel/time/timer.c:1666
|
||
[ 2.139370] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1284K │#4 run_timer_softirq (h=<optimized out>) at kernel/time/timer.c:1692
|
||
[ 2.246231] EXT4-fs (vda): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck isd│#5 0xffffffff81a000cc in __do_softirq () at kernel/softirq.c:285
|
||
[ 2.259574] EXT4-fs (vda): re-mounted. Opts: block_validity,barrier,user_xatr│#6 0xffffffff810577cc in invoke_softirq () at kernel/softirq.c:365
|
||
hello S98 │#7 irq_exit () at kernel/softirq.c:405
|
||
│#8 0xffffffff818021ba in exiting_irq () at ./arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h:541
|
||
Apr 15 23:59:23 login[49]: root login on 'console' │#9 smp_apic_timer_interrupt (regs=<optimized out>)
|
||
hello /root/.profile │ at arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052
|
||
# insmod /timer.ko │#10 0xffffffff8180190f in apic_timer_interrupt ()
|
||
[ 6.791945] timer: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel. │ at arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:857
|
||
# [ 7.821621] 4294894248 │#11 0xffffffff82003df8 in init_thread_union ()
|
||
[ 8.851385] 4294894504 │#12 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
|
||
│(gdb)</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>↑ Up: <a href="qemu-buildroot-setup.html">QEMU Buildroot setup</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="how-to-hack-stuff.html">How to hack stuff</a> →</p>
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