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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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606 lines
37 KiB
HTML
606 lines
37 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. EVERYTHING is built from source. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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|
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</head>
|
||
<body id="overlayfs" class="article">
|
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<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect2">
|
||
<h3 id="overlayfs"><a class="anchor" href="#overlayfs"></a><a class="link" href="#overlayfs">13.1. OverlayFS</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OverlayFS">OverlayFS</a> is a filesystem merged in the Linux kernel in 3.18.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>As the name suggests, OverlayFS allows you to merge multiple directories into one. The following minimal runnable examples should give you an intuition on how it works:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/109413/how-do-i-use-overlayfs/1075564#1075564" class="bare">https://askubuntu.com/questions/109413/how-do-i-use-overlayfs/1075564#1075564</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31044982/how-to-use-multiple-lower-layers-in-overlayfs/52792397#52792397" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31044982/how-to-use-multiple-lower-layers-in-overlayfs/52792397#52792397</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>We are very interested in this filesystem because we are looking for a way to make host cross compiled executables appear on the guest root <code>/</code> without reboot.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This would have several advantages:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>makes it faster to test modified guest programs</p>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>not rebooting is fundamental for <a href="gem5.html">gem5</a>, where the reboot is very costly.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>no need to regenerate the root filesystem at all and reboot</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>overcomes the <code>check_bin_arch</code> problem as shown at: <a href="rpath.html">Section 26.8, “Buildroot rebuild is slow when the root filesystem is large”</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>we could keep the base root filesystem very small, which implies:</p>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>less host disk usage, no need to copy the entire <code>./getvar out_rootfs_overlay_dir</code> to the image again</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>no need to worry about <a href="br2-target-rootfs-ext2-size.html">BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_EXT2_SIZE</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>We can already make host files appear on the guest with <a href="9p.html">9P</a>, but they appear on a subdirectory instead of the root.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>If they would appear on the root instead, that would be even more awesome, because you would just use the exact same paths relative to the root transparently.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>For example, we wouldn’t have to mess around with variables such as <code>PATH</code> and <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The idea is to:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>9P mount our overlay directory <code>./getvar out_rootfs_overlay_dir</code> on the guest, which we already do at <code>/mnt/9p/out_rootfs_overlay</code></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>then create an overlay with that directory and the root, and <code>chroot</code> into it.</p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>I was unable to mount directly to <code>/</code> avoid the <code>chroot</code>:
|
||
<strong> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41119656/how-can-i-overlayfs-the-root-filesystem-on-linux" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41119656/how-can-i-overlayfs-the-root-filesystem-on-linux</a>
|
||
</strong> <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/316018/how-to-use-overlayfs-to-protect-the-root-filesystem" class="bare">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/316018/how-to-use-overlayfs-to-protect-the-root-filesystem</a>
|
||
** <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/420646/mount-root-as-overlayfs" class="bare">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/420646/mount-root-as-overlayfs</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>We already have a prototype of this running from <code>fstab</code> on guest at <code>/mnt/overlay</code>, but it has the following shortcomings:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>changes to underlying filesystems are not visible on the overlay unless you remount with <code>mount -r remount /mnt/overlay</code>, as mentioned <a href="https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v4.18/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt#L332">on the kernel docs</a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>Changes to the underlying filesystems while part of a mounted overlay
|
||
filesystem are not allowed. If the underlying filesystem is changed,
|
||
the behavior of the overlay is undefined, though it will not result in
|
||
a crash or deadlock.</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This makes everything very inconvenient if you are inside <code>chroot</code> action. You would have to leave <code>chroot</code>, remount, then come back.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>the overlay does not contain sub-filesystems, e.g. <code>/proc</code>. We would have to re-mount them. But should be doable with some automation.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Even more awesome than <code>chroot</code> would be to <code>pivot_root</code>, but I couldn’t get that working either:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28015688/pivot-root-device-or-resource-busy" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28015688/pivot-root-device-or-resource-busy</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/179788/pivot-root-device-or-resource-busy" class="bare">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/179788/pivot-root-device-or-resource-busy</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>↑ Up: <a href="filesystems.html">Filesystems</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="secondary-disk.html">Secondary disk</a> →</p>
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