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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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633 lines
38 KiB
HTML
633 lines
38 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. EVERYTHING is built from source. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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</head>
|
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<body id="not-syncing-vfs" class="article">
|
||
<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect3">
|
||
<h4 id="not-syncing-vfs"><a class="anchor" href="#not-syncing-vfs"></a><a class="link" href="#not-syncing-vfs">17.6.5. not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)</a></h4>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Let’s learn how to diagnose problems with the root filesystem not being found. TODO add a sample panic error message for each error type:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/41930/kernel-panic-not-syncing-vfs-unable-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block0-0/1048477#1048477" class="bare">https://askubuntu.com/questions/41930/kernel-panic-not-syncing-vfs-unable-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block0-0/1048477#1048477</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This is the diagnosis procedure.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>First, if we remove the following options from the our kernel build:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y
|
||
CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>we get a message like this:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre><4>[ 0.541708] VFS: Cannot open root device "vda" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6
|
||
<4>[ 0.542035] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
|
||
<0>[ 0.542562] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>From the message, we notice that the kernel sees a disk of some sort (vda means a virtio disk), but it could not open it.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This means that the kernel cannot properly read any bytes from the disk.</p>
|
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</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>And afterwards, it has an useless message <code>here are the available partitions:</code>, but of course we have no available partitions, the list is empty, because the kernel cannot even read bytes from the disk, so it definitely cannot understand its filesystems.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This can indicate basically two things:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>on real hardware, it could mean that the hardware is broken. Kind of hard on emulators ;-)</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>you didn’t configure the kernel with the option that enables it to read from that kind of disk.</p>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>In our case, disks are virtio devices that QEMU exposes to the guest kernel. This is why removing the options:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y
|
||
CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>led to this error.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Now, let’s restore the previously removed virtio options, and instead remove:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>CONFIG_EXT4_FS=y</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This time, the kernel will be able to read bytes from the device. But it won’t be able to read files from the filesystem, because our filesystem is in ext4 format.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Therefore, this time the error message looks like this:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre><4>[ 0.585296] List of all partitions:
|
||
<4>[ 0.585913] fe00 524288 vda
|
||
<4>[ 0.586123] driver: virtio_blk
|
||
<4>[ 0.586471] No filesystem could mount root, tried:
|
||
<4>[ 0.586497] squashfs
|
||
<4>[ 0.586724]
|
||
<0>[ 0.587360] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(254,0)</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>In this case, we see that the kernel did manage to read from the <code>vda</code> disk! It even told us how: by using the <code>driver: virtio_blk</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>However, it then went through the list of all filesystem types it knows how to read files from, in our case just <code>squashf</code>, and none of those worked, because our partition is an ext4 partition.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Finally, the last possible error is that we simply passed the wrong <code>root=</code> <a href="kernel-command-line-parameters.html">kernel CLI option</a>. For example, if we hack our command to pass:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>root=/dev/vda2</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>which does not even exist since <code>/dev/vda</code> is a raw non-partitioned ext4 image, then boot fails with a message:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre><4>[ 0.608475] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
|
||
<4>[ 0.609563] fe00 524288 vda
|
||
<4>[ 0.609723] driver: virtio_blk
|
||
<0>[ 0.610433] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(254,2)</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This one is easy, because the kernel tells us clearly which partitions it would have been able to understand. In our case <code>/dev/vda</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Once all those problems are solved, in the working setup, we finally see something like:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre><6>[ 0.636129] EXT4-fs (vda): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
|
||
<6>[ 0.636700] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 254:0.</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Tested on LKMC 863a373a30cd3c7982e3e453c4153f85133b17a9, Linux kernel 5.4.3.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Bibliography:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/41930/kernel-panic-not-syncing-vfs-unable-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block0-0/1048477#1048477" class="bare">https://askubuntu.com/questions/41930/kernel-panic-not-syncing-vfs-unable-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block0-0/1048477#1048477</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/414655/not-syncing-vfs-unable-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block0-0/603197#603197" class="bare">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/414655/not-syncing-vfs-unable-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block0-0/603197#603197</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63277677/i-meet-a-problem-when-i-encountered-in-the-fs-mode-of-running-gem5/63278487#63278487" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63277677/i-meet-a-problem-when-i-encountered-in-the-fs-mode-of-running-gem5/63278487#63278487</a> summary only</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="warn-on.html">WARN_ON</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="kernel-panic-and-oops.html">Kernel panic and oops</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="pseudo-filesystems.html">Pseudo filesystems</a> →</p>
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