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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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619 lines
38 KiB
HTML
619 lines
38 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. EVERYTHING is built from source. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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</head>
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<body id="gem5-simulate-limit-reached" class="article">
|
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<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect2">
|
||
<h3 id="gem5-simulate-limit-reached"><a class="anchor" href="#gem5-simulate-limit-reached"></a><a class="link" href="#gem5-simulate-limit-reached">24.15. gem5 simulate() limit reached</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>This error happens when the following instruction limits are reached:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>system.cpu[0].max_insts_all_threads
|
||
system.cpu[0].max_insts_any_thread</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>If the parameter is not set, it defaults to <code>0</code>, which is magic and means the huge maximum value of <code>uint64_t</code>: 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, which in practice would require a very long simulation if at least one CPU were live.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>So this usually means all CPUs are in a sleep state, and no events are scheduled in the future, which usually indicates a bug in either gem5 or guest code, leading gem5 to blow up.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Still, fs.py at gem5 08c79a194d1a3430801c04f37d13216cc9ec1da3 does not exit with non-zero status due to this…​ and so we just parse it out just as for <a href="m5-fail.html">m5 fail</a>…​</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>A trivial and very direct way to see message would be:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--userland userland/arch/x86_64/freestanding/linux/hello.S \
|
||
--trace-insts-stdout \
|
||
-- \
|
||
--param 'system.cpu[0].max_insts_all_threads = 3' \
|
||
;</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>which as of lkmc 402059ed22432bb351d42eb10900e5a8e06aa623 runs only the first three instructions and quits!</p>
|
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</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>info: Entering event queue @ 0. Starting simulation...
|
||
0: system.cpu A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue : mov rdi, 0x1
|
||
0: system.cpu A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue.0 : MOV_R_I : limm rax, 0x1 : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000001 flags=(IsInteger|IsMicroop|IsLastMicroop|IsFirstMicroop)
|
||
1000: system.cpu A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+7 : mov rdi, 0x1
|
||
1000: system.cpu A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+7.0 : MOV_R_I : limm rdi, 0x1 : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000001 flags=(IsInteger|IsMicroop|IsLastMicroop|IsFirstMicroop)
|
||
2000: system.cpu A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+14 : lea rsi, DS:[rip + 0x19]
|
||
2000: system.cpu A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+14.0 : LEA_R_P : rdip t7, %ctrl153, : IntAlu : D=0x000000000040008d flags=(IsInteger|IsMicroop|IsDelayedCommit|IsFirstMicroop)
|
||
2500: system.cpu A0 T0 : @asm_main_after_prologue+14.1 : LEA_R_P : lea rsi, DS:[t7 + 0x19] : IntAlu : D=0x00000000004000a6 flags=(IsInteger|IsMicroop|IsLastMicroop)
|
||
Exiting @ tick 3000 because all threads reached the max instruction count</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The exact same can be achieved with the older hardcoded <code>--maxinsts</code> mechanism present in <code>se.py</code> and <code>fs.py</code>:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--userland \userland/arch/x86_64/freestanding/linux/hello.S \
|
||
--trace-insts-stdout \
|
||
-- \
|
||
--maxinsts 3
|
||
;</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Other related fs.py options are:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><code>--abs-max-tick</code>: set the maximum guest simulation time. The same scale as the ExecAll trace is used. E.g., for the above example with 3 instructions, the same trace would be achieved with a value of 3000.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The message also shows on <a href="user-mode-simulation.html">User mode simulation</a> deadlocks, for example in <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/userland/posix/pthread_deadlock.c">userland/posix/pthread_deadlock.c</a>:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--userland userland/posix/pthread_deadlock.c \
|
||
--cli-args 1 \
|
||
;</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>ends in:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>Exiting @ tick 18446744073709551615 because simulate() limit reached</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>where 18446744073709551615 is 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF in decimal.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>And there is a <a href="baremetal.html">Baremetal</a> example at <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/baremetal/arch/aarch64/no_bootloader/wfe_loop.S">baremetal/arch/aarch64/no_bootloader/wfe_loop.S</a> that dies on <a href="arm-wfe-and-sev-instructions.html">WFE</a>:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run \
|
||
--arch aarch64 \
|
||
--baremetal baremetal/arch/aarch64/no_bootloader/wfe_loop.S \
|
||
--emulator gem5 \
|
||
--trace-insts-stdout \
|
||
;</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>which gives:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>info: Entering event queue @ 0. Starting simulation...
|
||
0: system.cpu A0 T0 : @lkmc_start : wfe : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000000 flags=(IsSerializeAfter|IsNonSpeculative|IsQuiesce|IsUnverifiable)
|
||
1000: system.cpu A0 T0 : @lkmc_start+4 : b <lkmc_start> : IntAlu : flags=(IsControl|IsDirectControl|IsUncondControl)
|
||
1500: system.cpu A0 T0 : @lkmc_start : wfe : IntAlu : D=0x0000000000000000 flags=(IsSerializeAfter|IsNonSpeculative|IsQuiesce|IsUnverifiable)
|
||
Exiting @ tick 18446744073709551615 because simulate() limit reached</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Other examples of the message:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="arm-baremetal-multicore.html">ARM baremetal multicore</a> with a single CPU stays stopped at an WFE sleep instruction</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>this sample bug on se.py multithreading: <a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/issues/81" class="bare">https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/issues/81</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="gem5-regression-tests.html">gem5 regression tests</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="gem5.html">gem5</a> | ⌂ Home: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="gem5-build-options.html">gem5 build options</a> →</p>
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