/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, Matias Fontanini
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 * 
 * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 *   in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *   distribution.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

#ifndef TINS_IPADDRESS_H
#define TINS_IPADDRESS_H

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdint.h>

namespace Tins {
    /**
     * \class IPv4Address
     * \brief Abstraction of an IPv4 address.
     */
    class IPv4Address {
    public:
        /**
         * The address size.
         */
        static const size_t address_size = sizeof(uint32_t);
        
        /**
         * \brief Constructor taking a const char*.
         * 
         * Constructs an IPv4Address from a dotted-notation address 
         * cstring. If the pointer provided is null, then a default 
         * IPv4Address object is constructed, which corresponds to 
         * the 0.0.0.0 address.
         * 
         * \param ip const char* containing the dotted-notation address.
         */
        IPv4Address(const char *ip = 0);
        
        /**
         * \brief Constructor taking a std::string.
         * 
         * Constructs an IPv4Address from a dotted-notation std::strings
         * 
         * \param ip std::string containing the dotted-notation address.
         */
        IPv4Address(const std::string &ip);
        
        /**
         * \brief Constructor taking a IP address represented as a
         * big endian integer.
         * 
         * This constructor should be used internally by PDUs that
         * handle IP addresses. The provided integer <b>must</b> be
         * be in big endian.
         */
        explicit IPv4Address(uint32_t ip);
        
        /**
         * \brief User defined conversion to big endian integral value.
         */
        operator uint32_t() const;
        
        /**
         * \brief Retrieve the string representation of this address.
         * 
         * \return std::string containing the representation of this address.
         */
        std::string to_string() const;
        
        /**
         * \brief Compare this IPv4Address for equality.
         * 
         * \param rhs The address to be compared.
         * \return bool indicating whether this address equals rhs.
         */
        bool operator==(const IPv4Address &rhs) const {
            return ip_addr == rhs.ip_addr;
        }
        
        /**
         * \brief Compare this IPv4Address for inequality.
         * 
         * \param rhs The address to be compared.
         * \return bool indicating whether this address is distinct 
         * from rhs.
         */
        bool operator!=(const IPv4Address &rhs) const {
            return !(*this == rhs);
        }
        
        /**
         * \brief Compare this IPv4Address for less-than inequality.
         * 
         * \param rhs The address to be compared.
         * \return bool indicating whether this address is less-than rhs.
         */
        bool operator< (const IPv4Address &rhs) const {
            return ip_addr < rhs.ip_addr;
        }
        
        /**
         * \brief Writes this address to a std::ostream.
         * 
         * This method writes addr in a dotted-string notation address
         * to the std::ostream argument.
         * 
         * \param output The std::ostream in which to write the address.
         * \param addr The IPv4Address to be written.
         * \return std::stream& pointing to output.
         */
        friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &output, const IPv4Address &addr);
    private:
        uint32_t ip_to_int(const std::string &ip);
    
        uint32_t ip_addr;
    };
}


#endif // TINS_IPADDRESS_H